Radar system - Ft. S400 OP SINDOOR

🛠️ What is it?

The Radar Simulation System is a beginner-friendly electronics project that simulates a basic radar setup. It uses an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) mounted on a servo motor, controlled by an Arduino, to scan for nearby objects. This data is then sent to a computer and visualized in real-time using Processing IDE as a sweeping radar interface — just like a real air defense system.

🌟 A Tribute to Tech in Defense

Ft. S-400 – Inspired by modern radar and defense systems, this project is a small tribute to Operation Sindoor and the incredible technology that keeps our skies safe.

💡 Why Build This?

Perfect for beginners, this project helps you:

• Understand how radar-style detection works

• Learn how to use Arduino with servo and ultrasonic sensors

• Visualize real-time sensor data with a radar-style sweep

• Get hands-on with Processing for graphical interfaces

🔧 Step 1: Gather the Components

Component	Quantity
Arduino Uno or Nano	1
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor	1
SG90 Servo Motor	1
Jumper Wires	6-8
Breadboard (Optional)	1
USB Cable (for Arduino)	1
Computer with Arduino IDE and Processing IDE installed	✔️

🧩 Step 2: Connect the Components

Circuit

🔌 Connections:

Servo Motor:

• Signal (Yellow) → D11 on Arduino

• VCC (Red) → 5V on Arduino

• GND (Brown) → GND on Arduino

Ultrasonic Sensor:

• VCC → 5V

• GND → GND

• TRIG → D9

• ECHO → D10

💻 Step 3: Upload the Arduino Code

1. Open Arduino IDE

2. Paste this code:

Arduino code:

// Includes the Servo library

#include <Servo.h>

// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor

const int trigPin = 10;

const int echoPin = 11;

// Variables for the duration and the distance

long duration;

int distance;

Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor

void setup() {

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input

Serial.begin(9600);

myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached

}

void loop() {

// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees

for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree

Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port

Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial Port

Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing

}

// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees

for(int i=165;i>15;i--){

myServo.write(i);

delay(30);

distance = calculateDistance();

Serial.print(i);

Serial.print(",");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.print(".");

}

}

// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor

int calculateDistance(){

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds

distance= duration*0.034/2;

return distance;

}

1. Connect your Arduino

2. Select the correct COM Port and Board (Arduino Uno/Nano)

3. Click Upload ✅

Step 4: Install & Open Processing IDE

1. Download and install Processing IDE:🔗 https://processing.org/download

2. Open a new sketch in Processing IDE and paste the Processing code from above.

Processing code:

import processing.serial.*;

Serial myPort;

int lastUpdateTime = 0;

int updateInterval = 300;

int savedAngle = 0;

int savedDistance = 0;

String angle = "";

String distance = "";

String data = "";

String noObject;

float pixsDistance;

int iAngle, iDistance;

int index1 = 0;

int index2 = 0;

PImage flightIcon;

void setup() {

size(1200, 700);

smooth();

myPort = new Serial(this, "COM10", 9600);

myPort.bufferUntil('.');

flightIcon = loadImage("plane.png");

flightIcon.resize(60, 60);

}

void draw() {

fill(0, 20);

rect(0, 0, width, height);

fill(98, 245, 31);

noStroke();

drawRadar();

drawLine();

drawObject();

drawText();

}

void drawObject() {

if (millis() - lastUpdateTime > updateInterval && iDistance >= 5 && iDistance <= 40) {

savedAngle = iAngle;

savedDistance = iDistance;

lastUpdateTime = millis();

}

if (savedDistance >= 5 && savedDistance <= 40) {

pushMatrix();

translate(width / 2, height - height * 0.074);

pixsDistance = savedDistance * ((height - height * 0.1666) * 0.025);

float scaleFactor = 2.0;

float x = pixsDistance * cos(radians(savedAngle)) - (flightIcon.width * scaleFactor) / 2;

float y = -pixsDistance * sin(radians(savedAngle)) - (flightIcon.height * scaleFactor) / 2;

tint(255, 200);

image(flightIcon, x, y, flightIcon.width * scaleFactor, flightIcon.height * scaleFactor);

noTint();

popMatrix();

}

}

void serialEvent(Serial myPort) {

data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');

if (data != null && data.contains(",")) {

data = data.substring(0, data.length() - 1);

index1 = data.indexOf(",");

angle = data.substring(0, index1);

distance = data.substring(index1 + 1);

iAngle = int(angle);

iDistance = int(distance);

}

}

void drawRadar() {

pushMatrix();

translate(width / 2, height - height * 0.074);

noFill();

strokeWeight(2);

stroke(98, 245, 31);

arc(0, 0, width * 0.9375, width * 0.9375, PI, TWO_PI);

arc(0, 0, width * 0.73, width * 0.73, PI, TWO_PI);

arc(0, 0, width * 0.521, width * 0.521, PI, TWO_PI);

arc(0, 0, width * 0.313, width * 0.313, PI, TWO_PI);

line(-width / 2, 0, width / 2, 0);

for (int a = 30; a <= 150; a += 30) {

line(0, 0, (-width / 2) * cos(radians(a)), (-width / 2) * sin(radians(a)));

}

popMatrix();

}

void drawLine() {

pushMatrix();

strokeWeight(9);

stroke(30, 250, 60);

translate(width / 2, height - height * 0.074);

line(0, 0, (height - height * 0.12) * cos(radians(iAngle)), -(height - height * 0.12) * sin(radians(iAngle)));

popMatrix();

}

void drawText() {

pushMatrix();

if (iDistance < 5 || iDistance > 40) {

noObject = "Out of Range";

} else {

noObject = "In Range";

}

fill(0);

noStroke();

rect(0, height - height * 0.0648, width, height);

fill(98, 245, 31);

textSize(25);

text("10cm", width - width * 0.3854, height - height * 0.0833);

text("20cm", width - width * 0.281, height - height * 0.0833);

text("30cm", width - width * 0.177, height - height * 0.0833);

text("40cm", width - width * 0.0729, height - height * 0.0833);

textSize(45);

textAlign(CENTER);

text("OP SINDOOR - Radra System", width / 2, 50);

textSize(35);

textAlign(LEFT);

text("Angle: " + iAngle + " °", width - width * 0.48, height - height * 0.0277);

text("Distance: " + ((iDistance >= 5 && iDistance <= 40) ? iDistance + " cm" : "---"), width - width * 0.26, height - height * 0.0277);

// Red alert text when enemy spotted

if (iDistance >= 5 && iDistance <= 40) {

fill(255, 0, 0); // Red color

textSize(50);

textAlign(CENTER);

text("ENEMY SPOTTED!", width / 2, height / 2 - 100);

}

// Angle markers

textSize(25);

fill(98, 245, 60);

String[] angles = {"30°", "60°", "90°", "120°", "150°"};

int[] deg = {30, 60, 90, 120, 150};

for (int i = 0; i < angles.length; i++) {

float angleRad = radians(deg[i]);

float x = (width / 2) + (width / 2 - 100) * cos(angleRad);

float y = (height - height * 0.074) - (width / 2 - 100) * sin(angleRad);

text(angles[i], x, y);

}

popMatrix();

}

3. Download the radar interface plane image and place it in the same folder as your Processing .pde file.

📡 Step 5: Modify COM Port in Processing

Change port in the processing code here

myPort = new Serial(this, "COM10", 9600); // ← Change COM10 to match your Arduino COM

• On Windows, check COM port from Arduino IDE → Tools → Port

🎯 Step 6: Run the Radar System

1. Make sure the Arduino is already running and connected

2. In Processing, click Run ▶️

3. The radar animation will begin!You’ll see a sweeping green line and icons appearing if an object is detected nearby.

Troubleshooting Tips

Problem	Solution
No data on radar?	Check COM port and baud rate in both Arduino & Processing
Servo not moving?	Ensure it’s powered (VCC to 5V), and Signal is at D8
Object not detected?	Place hand or object within 30–40cm of ultrasonic sensor

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